{- (c) The University of Glasgow 2006 (c) The AQUA Project, Glasgow University, 1993-1998 TcRules: Typechecking transformation rules -} {-# LANGUAGE ViewPatterns #-} {-# LANGUAGE TypeFamilies #-} module TcRules ( tcRules ) where import GhcPrelude import HsSyn import TcRnTypes import TcRnMonad import TcSimplify import TcMType import TcType import TcHsType import TcExpr import TcEnv import TcUnify( buildImplicationFor ) import TcEvidence( mkTcCoVarCo ) import Type import TyCon( isTypeFamilyTyCon ) import Id import Var( EvVar ) import VarSet import BasicTypes ( RuleName ) import SrcLoc import Outputable import FastString import Bag import Data.List( partition ) {- Note [Typechecking rules] ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ We *infer* the typ of the LHS, and use that type to *check* the type of the RHS. That means that higher-rank rules work reasonably well. Here's an example (test simplCore/should_compile/rule2.hs) produced by Roman: foo :: (forall m. m a -> m b) -> m a -> m b foo f = ... bar :: (forall m. m a -> m a) -> m a -> m a bar f = ... {-# RULES "foo/bar" foo = bar #-} He wanted the rule to typecheck. -} tcRules :: [LRuleDecls GhcRn] -> TcM [LRuleDecls GhcTcId] tcRules decls = mapM (wrapLocM tcRuleDecls) decls tcRuleDecls :: RuleDecls GhcRn -> TcM (RuleDecls GhcTcId) tcRuleDecls (HsRules _ src decls) = do { tc_decls <- mapM (wrapLocM tcRule) decls ; return (HsRules noExt src tc_decls) } tcRuleDecls (XRuleDecls _) = panic "tcRuleDecls" tcRule :: RuleDecl GhcRn -> TcM (RuleDecl GhcTcId) tcRule (HsRule fvs rname@(L _ (_,name)) act hs_bndrs lhs rhs) = addErrCtxt (ruleCtxt name) $ do { traceTc "---- Rule ------" (pprFullRuleName rname) -- Note [Typechecking rules] ; (stuff, tc_lvl) <- pushTcLevelM $ generateRuleConstraints hs_bndrs lhs rhs ; let ( id_bndrs, lhs', lhs_wanted, rhs', rhs_wanted, rule_ty) = stuff ; traceTc "tcRule 1" (vcat [ pprFullRuleName rname , ppr lhs_wanted , ppr rhs_wanted ]) ; (lhs_evs, residual_lhs_wanted) <- simplifyRule name tc_lvl lhs_wanted rhs_wanted -- SimplfyRule Plan, step 4 -- Now figure out what to quantify over -- c.f. TcSimplify.simplifyInfer -- We quantify over any tyvars free in *either* the rule -- *or* the bound variables. The latter is important. Consider -- ss (x,(y,z)) = (x,z) -- RULE: forall v. fst (ss v) = fst v -- The type of the rhs of the rule is just a, but v::(a,(b,c)) -- -- We also need to get the completely-uconstrained tyvars of -- the LHS, lest they otherwise get defaulted to Any; but we do that -- during zonking (see TcHsSyn.zonkRule) ; let tpl_ids = lhs_evs ++ id_bndrs ; forall_tkvs <- zonkTcTypesAndSplitDepVars $ rule_ty : map idType tpl_ids ; gbls <- tcGetGlobalTyCoVars -- Even though top level, there might be top-level -- monomorphic bindings from the MR; test tc111 ; qtkvs <- quantifyTyVars gbls forall_tkvs ; traceTc "tcRule" (vcat [ pprFullRuleName rname , ppr forall_tkvs , ppr qtkvs , ppr rule_ty , vcat [ ppr id <+> dcolon <+> ppr (idType id) | id <- tpl_ids ] ]) -- SimplfyRule Plan, step 5 -- Simplify the LHS and RHS constraints: -- For the LHS constraints we must solve the remaining constraints -- (a) so that we report insoluble ones -- (b) so that we bind any soluble ones ; let skol_info = RuleSkol name ; (lhs_implic, lhs_binds) <- buildImplicationFor tc_lvl skol_info qtkvs lhs_evs residual_lhs_wanted ; (rhs_implic, rhs_binds) <- buildImplicationFor tc_lvl skol_info qtkvs lhs_evs rhs_wanted ; emitImplications (lhs_implic `unionBags` rhs_implic) ; return (HsRule fvs rname act (map (noLoc . RuleBndr noExt . noLoc) (qtkvs ++ tpl_ids)) (mkHsDictLet lhs_binds lhs') (mkHsDictLet rhs_binds rhs')) } tcRule (XRuleDecl _) = panic "tcRule" generateRuleConstraints :: [LRuleBndr GhcRn] -> LHsExpr GhcRn -> LHsExpr GhcRn -> TcM ( [TcId] , LHsExpr GhcTc, WantedConstraints , LHsExpr GhcTc, WantedConstraints , TcType ) generateRuleConstraints hs_bndrs lhs rhs = do { (vars, bndr_wanted) <- captureConstraints $ tcRuleBndrs hs_bndrs -- bndr_wanted constraints can include wildcard hole -- constraints, which we should not forget about. -- It may mention the skolem type variables bound by -- the RULE. c.f. Trac #10072 ; let (id_bndrs, tv_bndrs) = partition isId vars ; tcExtendTyVarEnv tv_bndrs $ tcExtendIdEnv id_bndrs $ do { -- See Note [Solve order for RULES] ((lhs', rule_ty), lhs_wanted) <- captureConstraints (tcInferRho lhs) ; (rhs', rhs_wanted) <- captureConstraints $ tcMonoExpr rhs (mkCheckExpType rule_ty) ; let all_lhs_wanted = bndr_wanted `andWC` lhs_wanted ; return (id_bndrs, lhs', all_lhs_wanted, rhs', rhs_wanted, rule_ty) } } -- Slightly curious that tv_bndrs is not returned tcRuleBndrs :: [LRuleBndr GhcRn] -> TcM [Var] tcRuleBndrs [] = return [] tcRuleBndrs (L _ (RuleBndr _ (L _ name)) : rule_bndrs) = do { ty <- newOpenFlexiTyVarTy ; vars <- tcRuleBndrs rule_bndrs ; return (mkLocalId name ty : vars) } tcRuleBndrs (L _ (RuleBndrSig _ (L _ name) rn_ty) : rule_bndrs) -- e.g x :: a->a -- The tyvar 'a' is brought into scope first, just as if you'd written -- a::*, x :: a->a = do { let ctxt = RuleSigCtxt name ; (_ , tvs, id_ty) <- tcHsPatSigType ctxt rn_ty ; let id = mkLocalIdOrCoVar name id_ty -- See Note [Pattern signature binders] in TcHsType -- The type variables scope over subsequent bindings; yuk ; vars <- tcExtendNameTyVarEnv tvs $ tcRuleBndrs rule_bndrs ; return (map snd tvs ++ id : vars) } tcRuleBndrs (L _ (XRuleBndr _) : _) = panic "tcRuleBndrs" ruleCtxt :: FastString -> SDoc ruleCtxt name = text "When checking the transformation rule" <+> doubleQuotes (ftext name) {- ********************************************************************************* * * Constraint simplification for rules * * *********************************************************************************** Note [The SimplifyRule Plan] ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Example. Consider the following left-hand side of a rule f (x == y) (y > z) = ... If we typecheck this expression we get constraints d1 :: Ord a, d2 :: Eq a We do NOT want to "simplify" to the LHS forall x::a, y::a, z::a, d1::Ord a. f ((==) (eqFromOrd d1) x y) ((>) d1 y z) = ... Instead we want forall x::a, y::a, z::a, d1::Ord a, d2::Eq a. f ((==) d2 x y) ((>) d1 y z) = ... Here is another example: fromIntegral :: (Integral a, Num b) => a -> b {-# RULES "foo" fromIntegral = id :: Int -> Int #-} In the rule, a=b=Int, and Num Int is a superclass of Integral Int. But we *dont* want to get forall dIntegralInt. fromIntegral Int Int dIntegralInt (scsel dIntegralInt) = id Int because the scsel will mess up RULE matching. Instead we want forall dIntegralInt, dNumInt. fromIntegral Int Int dIntegralInt dNumInt = id Int Even if we have g (x == y) (y == z) = .. where the two dictionaries are *identical*, we do NOT WANT forall x::a, y::a, z::a, d1::Eq a f ((==) d1 x y) ((>) d1 y z) = ... because that will only match if the dict args are (visibly) equal. Instead we want to quantify over the dictionaries separately. In short, simplifyRuleLhs must *only* squash equalities, leaving all dicts unchanged, with absolutely no sharing. Also note that we can't solve the LHS constraints in isolation: Example foo :: Ord a => a -> a foo_spec :: Int -> Int {-# RULE "foo" foo = foo_spec #-} Here, it's the RHS that fixes the type variable HOWEVER, under a nested implication things are different Consider f :: (forall a. Eq a => a->a) -> Bool -> ... {-# RULES "foo" forall (v::forall b. Eq b => b->b). f b True = ... #-} Here we *must* solve the wanted (Eq a) from the given (Eq a) resulting from skolemising the argument type of g. So we revert to SimplCheck when going under an implication. --------- So the SimplifyRule Plan is this ----------------------- * Step 0: typecheck the LHS and RHS to get constraints from each * Step 1: Simplify the LHS and RHS constraints all together in one bag We do this to discover all unification equalities * Step 2: Zonk the ORIGINAL (unsimplified) LHS constraints, to take advantage of those unifications * Setp 3: Partition the LHS constraints into the ones we will quantify over, and the others. See Note [RULE quantification over equalities] * Step 4: Decide on the type variables to quantify over * Step 5: Simplify the LHS and RHS constraints separately, using the quantified constraints as givens Note [Solve order for RULES] ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ In step 1 above, we need to be a bit careful about solve order. Consider f :: Int -> T Int type instance T Int = Bool RULE f 3 = True From the RULE we get lhs-constraints: T Int ~ alpha rhs-constraints: Bool ~ alpha where 'alpha' is the type that connects the two. If we glom them all together, and solve the RHS constraint first, we might solve with alpha := Bool. But then we'd end up with a RULE like RULE: f 3 |> (co :: T Int ~ Bool) = True which is terrible. We want RULE: f 3 = True |> (sym co :: Bool ~ T Int) So we are careful to solve the LHS constraints first, and *then* the RHS constraints. Actually much of this is done by the on-the-fly constraint solving, so the same order must be observed in tcRule. Note [RULE quantification over equalities] ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Deciding which equalities to quantify over is tricky: * We do not want to quantify over insoluble equalities (Int ~ Bool) (a) because we prefer to report a LHS type error (b) because if such things end up in 'givens' we get a bogus "inaccessible code" error * But we do want to quantify over things like (a ~ F b), where F is a type function. The difficulty is that it's hard to tell what is insoluble! So we see whether the simplification step yielded any type errors, and if so refrain from quantifying over *any* equalities. Note [Quantifying over coercion holes] ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Equality constraints from the LHS will emit coercion hole Wanteds. These don't have a name, so we can't quantify over them directly. Instead, because we really do want to quantify here, invent a new EvVar for the coercion, fill the hole with the invented EvVar, and then quantify over the EvVar. Not too tricky -- just some impedance matching, really. Note [Simplify cloned constraints] ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ At this stage, we're simplifying constraints only for insolubility and for unification. Note that all the evidence is quickly discarded. We use a clone of the real constraint. If we don't do this, then RHS coercion-hole constraints get filled in, only to get filled in *again* when solving the implications emitted from tcRule. That's terrible, so we avoid the problem by cloning the constraints. -} simplifyRule :: RuleName -> TcLevel -- Level at which to solve the constraints -> WantedConstraints -- Constraints from LHS -> WantedConstraints -- Constraints from RHS -> TcM ( [EvVar] -- Quantify over these LHS vars , WantedConstraints) -- Residual un-quantified LHS constraints -- See Note [The SimplifyRule Plan] -- NB: This consumes all simple constraints on the LHS, but not -- any LHS implication constraints. simplifyRule name tc_lvl lhs_wanted rhs_wanted = do { -- Note [The SimplifyRule Plan] step 1 -- First solve the LHS and *then* solve the RHS -- Crucially, this performs unifications -- Why clone? See Note [Simplify cloned constraints] ; lhs_clone <- cloneWC lhs_wanted ; rhs_clone <- cloneWC rhs_wanted ; setTcLevel tc_lvl $ runTcSDeriveds $ do { _ <- solveWanteds lhs_clone ; _ <- solveWanteds rhs_clone -- Why do them separately? -- See Note [Solve order for RULES] ; return () } -- Note [The SimplifyRule Plan] step 2 ; lhs_wanted <- zonkWC lhs_wanted ; let (quant_cts, residual_lhs_wanted) = getRuleQuantCts lhs_wanted -- Note [The SimplifyRule Plan] step 3 ; quant_evs <- mapM mk_quant_ev (bagToList quant_cts) ; traceTc "simplifyRule" $ vcat [ text "LHS of rule" <+> doubleQuotes (ftext name) , text "lhs_wanted" <+> ppr lhs_wanted , text "rhs_wanted" <+> ppr rhs_wanted , text "quant_cts" <+> ppr quant_cts , text "residual_lhs_wanted" <+> ppr residual_lhs_wanted ] ; return (quant_evs, residual_lhs_wanted) } where mk_quant_ev :: Ct -> TcM EvVar mk_quant_ev ct | CtWanted { ctev_dest = dest, ctev_pred = pred } <- ctEvidence ct = case dest of EvVarDest ev_id -> return ev_id HoleDest hole -> -- See Note [Quantifying over coercion holes] do { ev_id <- newEvVar pred ; fillCoercionHole hole (mkTcCoVarCo ev_id) ; return ev_id } mk_quant_ev ct = pprPanic "mk_quant_ev" (ppr ct) getRuleQuantCts :: WantedConstraints -> (Cts, WantedConstraints) -- Extract all the constraints we can quantify over, -- also returning the depleted WantedConstraints -- -- NB: we must look inside implications, because with -- -fdefer-type-errors we generate implications rather eagerly; -- see TcUnify.implicationNeeded. Not doing so caused Trac #14732. -- -- Unlike simplifyInfer, we don't leave the WantedConstraints unchanged, -- and attempt to solve them from the quantified constraints. That -- nearly works, but fails for a constraint like (d :: Eq Int). -- We /do/ want to quantify over it, but the short-cut solver -- (see TcInteract Note [Shortcut solving]) ignores the quantified -- and instead solves from the top level. -- -- So we must partition the WantedConstraints ourselves -- Not hard, but tiresome. getRuleQuantCts wc = float_wc emptyVarSet wc where float_wc :: TcTyCoVarSet -> WantedConstraints -> (Cts, WantedConstraints) float_wc skol_tvs (WC { wc_simple = simples, wc_impl = implics }) = ( simple_yes `andCts` implic_yes , WC { wc_simple = simple_no, wc_impl = implics_no }) where (simple_yes, simple_no) = partitionBag (rule_quant_ct skol_tvs) simples (implic_yes, implics_no) = mapAccumBagL (float_implic skol_tvs) emptyBag implics float_implic :: TcTyCoVarSet -> Cts -> Implication -> (Cts, Implication) float_implic skol_tvs yes1 imp = (yes1 `andCts` yes2, imp { ic_wanted = no }) where (yes2, no) = float_wc new_skol_tvs (ic_wanted imp) new_skol_tvs = skol_tvs `extendVarSetList` ic_skols imp rule_quant_ct :: TcTyCoVarSet -> Ct -> Bool rule_quant_ct skol_tvs ct | EqPred _ t1 t2 <- classifyPredType (ctPred ct) , not (ok_eq t1 t2) = False -- Note [RULE quantification over equalities] | isHoleCt ct = False -- Don't quantify over type holes, obviously | otherwise = tyCoVarsOfCt ct `disjointVarSet` skol_tvs ok_eq t1 t2 | t1 `tcEqType` t2 = False | otherwise = is_fun_app t1 || is_fun_app t2 is_fun_app ty -- ty is of form (F tys) where F is a type function = case tyConAppTyCon_maybe ty of Just tc -> isTypeFamilyTyCon tc Nothing -> False